state and local governments as well

Two years later, in McDonald v. City of Chicago, the Court recognized that, by operation of the Fourteenth Amendment, the Second Amendment constrains not only the federal government but state and local governments as well. In a 2022 decision, New York State Rifle & Pistol Association, Inc. v. Bruen, the Court clarified that the right to bear arms applies outside the home, extending to public spaces where confrontation may occur. Post-Heller and prior to Bruen, courts generally used a two-step framework for assessing whether a law comported with the Second Amendment. First, courts would ask whether the law fell within the scope of the Second Amendment in light of its text and history (if not, the inquiry ended there, and the law would be upheld) ดูหนัง2025